economics monopolies and product differentation

 

 

Name:                        –

 

Course Number:     –

 

Section Number:    –

 

Unit Number:           – 8

 

Date:                          –          

 

 

 

 

 

Problem

 

 

 

Dr. Fine and Dr. Feelgood are the only two medical doctors offering immediate walk-in medical services in the town of Springfield. That is, they operate in a duopoly. Each doctor can charge either a high price or a low price for a standard medical visit. The accompanying matrix shows their payoffs, in profits per patient (in dollars), for any choice that the two doctors can make.

 

 

1. Suppose the two doctors play a one-shot game—that is, they interact only once and never again. What will be the Nash (non-cooperative) equilibrium in this one-shot game?
   

2. Now suppose the two doctors play this game twice. Also, suppose each doctor can play one of two strategies: it can play either “always charge the low price” or “tit for tat”— that is, it starts off charging the high price in the first period, and then in the second period it does whatever the other doctor did in the previous period. Write down the payoffs to Dr. Fine from the following four possibilities:

 

 

 

1. Dr. Fine plays “always charge the low price” when Dr. Feelgood also plays “always charge the low price.”

    

 

FIRST Period		Payoffs	SECOND Period		Payoffs	TOTAL Payoffs
	Charges (high or low)			Charges (high or low)
Fine			Fine
Feelgood			Feelgood

 

 

 

 

 

1. Dr. Fine plays “always charge the low price” when Dr. Feelgood plays “tit for tat.”

    

 

FIRST Period		Payoffs	SECOND Period		Payoffs	TOTAL Payoffs
	Charges (high or low)			Charges (high or low)
Fine			Fine
Feelgood			Feelgood

 

 

 

 

 

1. Dr. Fine plays “tit for tat” when Dr. Feelgood plays “always charge the low price.”

    

 

FIRST Period		Payoffs	SECOND Period		Payoffs	TOTAL Payoffs
	Charges (high or low)			Charges (high or low)
Fine			Fine
Feelgood			Feelgood

 

 

 

 

 

1. Dr. Fine plays “tit for tat” when Dr. Feelgood also plays “tit for tat.”

    

 

FIRST Period		Payoffs	SECOND Period		Payoffs	TOTAL Payoffs
	Charges (high or low)			Charges (high or low)
Fine			Fine
Feelgood			Feelgood

 

 

 

 

 

1. “In the long run, there is no difference between monopolistic competition and perfect competition.”

 

 

 

Discuss whether this statement is true, false or ambiguous with respect to each of the criteria listed under a, b, c, and d. Justify your answers.

 

 

 

a. The price charged to consumers

 

 

 

b. The average total cost of production

 

 

 

c. The efficiency of the market outcome

 

 

 

d. The typical firm’s profit in the long run

 

 

 

———————

 

References:

 

 

 

Microeconomics: Unit 8 Assignment: Game Theory and Perfect Competition and monopolistic competition in the Long run
Content (15 points)	Points Possible	Points Earned
Game TheoryCorrectly calculated the non-cooperative Nash equilibrium for one-shot game.	3
Two-shot game with two strategies: “always charge the low price” or “tit for tat”. Find payoffs to Dr. Fine when: ·         Dr. Fine plays “always charge the low price” when Dr. Feelgood also plays “always charge the low price.” (a) ·         Dr. Fine plays “always charge the low price” when Dr. Feelgood plays “tit for tat.” ·         Dr. Fine plays “tit for tat” when Dr. Feelgood plays “always charge the low price.” ·         Dr. Fine plays “tit for tat” when Dr. Feelgood also plays “tit for tat.”	4